Introduction :

What is float and why is it important?

There are generally two types of float:

• Total Float Float
• Free Float time during which an activity can be delayed without delaying the next activity

Float is particularly crucial in complex multi-contractor projects where several schedules are interconnected. It is a shared resource - and when it's poorly managed, disputes can arise over who “owns” it.

Contractual implications: who owns the float?

Float ownership is a key risk management issue in construction and engineering projects. There are three main approaches:

• The float belongs to the project (most common case) it can be used by anyone, on a first-come, first-served basis
• The float belongs to the contractor only the person who generated the float can use it
• The float belongs to the customer/builder the customer reserves the float to absorb its own delays

Standard contracts do not always explicitly define the float property:

• The FIDIC Red Book does not directly address the notion, leaving it open to interpretation
• Contracts NEC encourage collaboration but require clarification in contractual documents
• Contracts AIA / EJCDC generally consider float to be a shared resource, unless otherwise specified.

Best practice: clearly define float management and ownership in the contract or project control plan, to avoid any disputes.

Float management in Primavera P6

Primavera P6,, the reference tool for planning, offers advanced features for tracking and managing float.

Key steps for managing float in P6 :

• Understanding the critical path Use CPM to identify zero float activities
• Follow Total and Free Float display corresponding columns or filters
• Define a baseline and monitor deviations detect float erosion over time
• Use constraints with care rigid constraints (“Must Finish On”) distort float calculation
• Mastering calendars and relationships : poorly parameterized logic and calendars skew results

Expert advice : use the “Longest Path” rather than float = 0 to identify the real critical path in complex schedules.

Strategic considerations for project teams

• Early communication define a float management policy right from the start
• Tracking developments Analyze the impact of modifications and change orders
• Traceability document any use of float
• Collaborative approach using float to benefit the overall project, particularly in fast-track or design-build projects

Conclusion

Float is not just a technical indicator of planning - it's a strategic lever which protects project deadlines.

However, it must be understood, controlled and contractually framed. Tools such as Primavera P6 enable efficient management, but must be complemented by clear contractual clauses and transparent communication.

By combining technical rigor with contractual alignment, project teams can take full advantage of float to deliver their projects more reliably - and more cost-effectively.

Do you have feedback or questions about float management? Let's discuss best practices.